openclaw/docs/automation/index.md

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---
summary: "Overview of all automation mechanisms: heartbeat, cron, tasks, hooks, webhooks, and more"
read_when:
- Deciding how to automate work with OpenClaw
- Choosing between heartbeat, cron, hooks, and webhooks
- Looking for the right automation entry point
title: "Automation Overview"
---
# Automation
OpenClaw provides several automation mechanisms, each suited to different use cases. This page helps you choose the right one.
## Quick decision guide
```mermaid
flowchart TD
A{Run on a schedule?} -->|Yes| B{Exact timing needed?}
A -->|No| C{React to events?}
B -->|Yes| D[Cron]
B -->|No| E[Heartbeat]
C -->|Yes| F[Hooks]
C -->|No| G[Standing Orders]
```
## Mechanisms at a glance
| Mechanism | What it does | Runs in | Creates task record |
| ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------- |
| [Heartbeat](/gateway/heartbeat) | Periodic main-session turn — batches multiple checks | Main session | No |
| [Cron](/automation/cron-jobs) | Scheduled jobs with precise timing | Main or isolated session | Yes (all types) |
| [Background Tasks](/automation/tasks) | Tracks detached work (cron, ACP, subagents, CLI) | N/A (ledger) | N/A |
| [Hooks](/automation/hooks) | Event-driven scripts triggered by agent lifecycle events | Hook runner | No |
| [Standing Orders](/automation/standing-orders) | Persistent instructions injected into the system prompt | Main session | No |
| [Webhooks](/automation/webhook) | Receive inbound HTTP events and route to the agent | Gateway HTTP | No |
### Specialized automation
| Mechanism | What it does |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| [Gmail PubSub](/automation/gmail-pubsub) | Real-time Gmail notifications via Google PubSub |
| [Polling](/automation/poll) | Periodic data source checks (RSS, APIs, etc.) |
| [Auth Monitoring](/automation/auth-monitoring) | Credential health and expiry alerts |
## How they work together
The most effective setups combine multiple mechanisms:
1. **Heartbeat** handles routine monitoring (inbox, calendar, notifications) in one batched turn every 30 minutes.
2. **Cron** handles precise schedules (daily reports, weekly reviews) and one-shot reminders.
3. **Hooks** react to specific events (tool calls, session resets, compaction) with custom scripts.
4. **Standing Orders** give the agent persistent context ("always check the project board before replying").
5. **Background Tasks** automatically track all detached work so you can inspect and audit it.
See [Cron vs Heartbeat](/automation/cron-vs-heartbeat) for a detailed comparison of the two scheduling mechanisms.
## Related
- [Cron vs Heartbeat](/automation/cron-vs-heartbeat) — detailed comparison guide
- [Troubleshooting](/automation/troubleshooting) — debugging automation issues
- [Configuration Reference](/gateway/configuration-reference) — all config keys