diff --git a/src/browser/routes/agent.existing-session.test.ts b/src/browser/routes/agent.existing-session.test.ts
index 0ab434cb38e..4f8211114ea 100644
--- a/src/browser/routes/agent.existing-session.test.ts
+++ b/src/browser/routes/agent.existing-session.test.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { registerBrowserAgentActRoutes } from "./agent.act.js";
 import { registerBrowserAgentSnapshotRoutes } from "./agent.snapshot.js";
-import type {
-  BrowserRequest,
-  BrowserResponse,
-  BrowserRouteHandler,
-  BrowserRouteRegistrar,
-} from "./types.js";
+import { createBrowserRouteApp, createBrowserRouteResponse } from "./test-helpers.js";
+import type { BrowserRequest } from "./types.js";
 
 const routeState = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   profileCtx: {
@@ -100,39 +96,34 @@ vi.mock("./agent.shared.js", () => ({
   }),
 }));
 
-function createApp() {
-  const getHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
-  const postHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
-  const deleteHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
-  const app: BrowserRouteRegistrar = {
-    get: (path, handler) => void getHandlers.set(path, handler),
-    post: (path, handler) => void postHandlers.set(path, handler),
-    delete: (path, handler) => void deleteHandlers.set(path, handler),
-  };
-  return { app, getHandlers, postHandlers, deleteHandlers };
+function getSnapshotGetHandler() {
+  const { app, getHandlers } = createBrowserRouteApp();
+  registerBrowserAgentSnapshotRoutes(app, {
+    state: () => ({ resolved: { ssrfPolicy: undefined } }),
+  } as never);
+  const handler = getHandlers.get("/snapshot");
+  expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
+  return handler;
 }
 
-function createResponse() {
-  let statusCode = 200;
-  let jsonBody: unknown;
-  const res: BrowserResponse = {
-    status(code) {
-      statusCode = code;
-      return res;
-    },
-    json(body) {
-      jsonBody = body;
-    },
-  };
-  return {
-    res,
-    get statusCode() {
-      return statusCode;
-    },
-    get body() {
-      return jsonBody;
-    },
-  };
+function getSnapshotPostHandler() {
+  const { app, postHandlers } = createBrowserRouteApp();
+  registerBrowserAgentSnapshotRoutes(app, {
+    state: () => ({ resolved: { ssrfPolicy: undefined } }),
+  } as never);
+  const handler = postHandlers.get("/screenshot");
+  expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
+  return handler;
+}
+
+function getActPostHandler() {
+  const { app, postHandlers } = createBrowserRouteApp();
+  registerBrowserAgentActRoutes(app, {
+    state: () => ({ resolved: { evaluateEnabled: true } }),
+  } as never);
+  const handler = postHandlers.get("/act");
+  expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
+  return handler;
 }
 
 describe("existing-session browser routes", () => {
@@ -148,14 +139,8 @@ describe("existing-session browser routes", () => {
   });
 
   it("allows labeled AI snapshots for existing-session profiles", async () => {
-    const { app, getHandlers } = createApp();
-    registerBrowserAgentSnapshotRoutes(app, {
-      state: () => ({ resolved: { ssrfPolicy: undefined } }),
-    } as never);
-    const handler = getHandlers.get("/snapshot");
-    expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
-
-    const response = createResponse();
+    const handler = getSnapshotGetHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
     await handler?.({ params: {}, query: { format: "ai", labels: "1" } }, response.res);
 
     expect(response.statusCode).toBe(200);
@@ -174,14 +159,8 @@ describe("existing-session browser routes", () => {
   });
 
   it("allows ref screenshots for existing-session profiles", async () => {
-    const { app, postHandlers } = createApp();
-    registerBrowserAgentSnapshotRoutes(app, {
-      state: () => ({ resolved: { ssrfPolicy: undefined } }),
-    } as never);
-    const handler = postHandlers.get("/screenshot");
-    expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
-
-    const response = createResponse();
+    const handler = getSnapshotPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
     await handler?.(
       {
         params: {},
@@ -207,14 +186,8 @@ describe("existing-session browser routes", () => {
   });
 
   it("rejects selector-based element screenshots for existing-session profiles", async () => {
-    const { app, postHandlers } = createApp();
-    registerBrowserAgentSnapshotRoutes(app, {
-      state: () => ({ resolved: { ssrfPolicy: undefined } }),
-    } as never);
-    const handler = postHandlers.get("/screenshot");
-    expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
-
-    const response = createResponse();
+    const handler = getSnapshotPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
     await handler?.(
       {
         params: {},
@@ -232,14 +205,8 @@ describe("existing-session browser routes", () => {
   });
 
   it("fails closed for existing-session networkidle waits", async () => {
-    const { app, postHandlers } = createApp();
-    registerBrowserAgentActRoutes(app, {
-      state: () => ({ resolved: { evaluateEnabled: true } }),
-    } as never);
-    const handler = postHandlers.get("/act");
-    expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
-
-    const response = createResponse();
+    const handler = getActPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
     await handler?.(
       {
         params: {},
@@ -263,14 +230,8 @@ describe("existing-session browser routes", () => {
         (fn === "() => window.location.href" ? "https://example.com/" : true) as never,
     );
 
-    const { app, postHandlers } = createApp();
-    registerBrowserAgentActRoutes(app, {
-      state: () => ({ resolved: { evaluateEnabled: true } }),
-    } as never);
-    const handler = postHandlers.get("/act");
-    expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
-
-    const response = createResponse();
+    const handler = getActPostHandler();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
     await handler?.(
       {
         params: {},
diff --git a/src/browser/routes/basic.existing-session.test.ts b/src/browser/routes/basic.existing-session.test.ts
index 77366815ca8..f906072dd79 100644
--- a/src/browser/routes/basic.existing-session.test.ts
+++ b/src/browser/routes/basic.existing-session.test.ts
@@ -1,46 +1,11 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { BrowserProfileUnavailableError } from "../errors.js";
 import { registerBrowserBasicRoutes } from "./basic.js";
-import type { BrowserResponse, BrowserRouteHandler, BrowserRouteRegistrar } from "./types.js";
-
-function createApp() {
-  const getHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
-  const postHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
-  const deleteHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
-  const app: BrowserRouteRegistrar = {
-    get: (path, handler) => void getHandlers.set(path, handler),
-    post: (path, handler) => void postHandlers.set(path, handler),
-    delete: (path, handler) => void deleteHandlers.set(path, handler),
-  };
-  return { app, getHandlers };
-}
-
-function createResponse() {
-  let statusCode = 200;
-  let jsonBody: unknown;
-  const res: BrowserResponse = {
-    status(code) {
-      statusCode = code;
-      return res;
-    },
-    json(body) {
-      jsonBody = body;
-    },
-  };
-  return {
-    res,
-    get statusCode() {
-      return statusCode;
-    },
-    get body() {
-      return jsonBody;
-    },
-  };
-}
+import { createBrowserRouteApp, createBrowserRouteResponse } from "./test-helpers.js";
 
 describe("basic browser routes", () => {
   it("maps existing-session status failures to JSON browser errors", async () => {
-    const { app, getHandlers } = createApp();
+    const { app, getHandlers } = createBrowserRouteApp();
     registerBrowserBasicRoutes(app, {
       state: () => ({
         resolved: {
@@ -71,7 +36,7 @@ describe("basic browser routes", () => {
     const handler = getHandlers.get("/");
     expect(handler).toBeTypeOf("function");
 
-    const response = createResponse();
+    const response = createBrowserRouteResponse();
     await handler?.({ params: {}, query: { profile: "chrome-live" } }, response.res);
 
     expect(response.statusCode).toBe(409);
diff --git a/src/browser/routes/test-helpers.ts b/src/browser/routes/test-helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6b046a9878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/browser/routes/test-helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import type { BrowserResponse, BrowserRouteHandler, BrowserRouteRegistrar } from "./types.js";
+
+export function createBrowserRouteApp() {
+  const getHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
+  const postHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
+  const deleteHandlers = new Map<string, BrowserRouteHandler>();
+  const app: BrowserRouteRegistrar = {
+    get: (path, handler) => void getHandlers.set(path, handler),
+    post: (path, handler) => void postHandlers.set(path, handler),
+    delete: (path, handler) => void deleteHandlers.set(path, handler),
+  };
+  return { app, getHandlers, postHandlers, deleteHandlers };
+}
+
+export function createBrowserRouteResponse() {
+  let statusCode = 200;
+  let jsonBody: unknown;
+  const res: BrowserResponse = {
+    status(code) {
+      statusCode = code;
+      return res;
+    },
+    json(body) {
+      jsonBody = body;
+    },
+  };
+  return {
+    res,
+    get statusCode() {
+      return statusCode;
+    },
+    get body() {
+      return jsonBody;
+    },
+  };
+}