diff --git a/src/infra/npm-registry-spec.test.ts b/src/infra/npm-registry-spec.test.ts
index 8c0b62c5667..fe7058dc5b7 100644
--- a/src/infra/npm-registry-spec.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/npm-registry-spec.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import {
+  formatPrereleaseResolutionError,
+  isExactSemverVersion,
+  isPrereleaseSemverVersion,
   isPrereleaseResolutionAllowed,
   parseRegistryNpmSpec,
   validateRegistryNpmSpec,
@@ -22,6 +25,51 @@ describe("npm registry spec validation", () => {
       "exact version or dist-tag",
     );
   });
+
+  it("rejects unsupported registry protocols and malformed selectors", () => {
+    expect(validateRegistryNpmSpec("https://npmjs.org/pkg.tgz")).toContain("URLs are not allowed");
+    expect(validateRegistryNpmSpec("git+ssh://github.com/openclaw/openclaw")).toContain(
+      "URLs are not allowed",
+    );
+    expect(validateRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call@")).toContain(
+      "missing version/tag after @",
+    );
+    expect(validateRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call@../beta")).toContain(
+      "invalid version/tag",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("npm registry spec parsing helpers", () => {
+  it("parses bare, tag, and exact prerelease specs", () => {
+    expect(parseRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call")).toEqual({
+      name: "@openclaw/voice-call",
+      raw: "@openclaw/voice-call",
+      selectorKind: "none",
+      selectorIsPrerelease: false,
+    });
+    expect(parseRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call@beta")).toEqual({
+      name: "@openclaw/voice-call",
+      raw: "@openclaw/voice-call@beta",
+      selector: "beta",
+      selectorKind: "tag",
+      selectorIsPrerelease: false,
+    });
+    expect(parseRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call@1.2.3-beta.1")).toEqual({
+      name: "@openclaw/voice-call",
+      raw: "@openclaw/voice-call@1.2.3-beta.1",
+      selector: "1.2.3-beta.1",
+      selectorKind: "exact-version",
+      selectorIsPrerelease: true,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("detects exact and prerelease semver versions", () => {
+    expect(isExactSemverVersion("v1.2.3")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isExactSemverVersion("1.2")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isPrereleaseSemverVersion("1.2.3-beta.1")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isPrereleaseSemverVersion("1.2.3")).toBe(false);
+  });
 });
 
 describe("npm prerelease resolution policy", () => {
@@ -66,4 +114,44 @@ describe("npm prerelease resolution policy", () => {
       }),
     ).toBe(true);
   });
+
+  it("allows stable resolutions even for bare and latest specs", () => {
+    const bareSpec = parseRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call");
+    const latestSpec = parseRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call@latest");
+
+    expect(bareSpec).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(latestSpec).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      isPrereleaseResolutionAllowed({
+        spec: bareSpec!,
+        resolvedVersion: "1.2.3",
+      }),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      isPrereleaseResolutionAllowed({
+        spec: latestSpec!,
+        resolvedVersion: undefined,
+      }),
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("formats prerelease resolution guidance based on selector intent", () => {
+    const bareSpec = parseRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call");
+    const tagSpec = parseRegistryNpmSpec("@openclaw/voice-call@beta");
+
+    expect(bareSpec).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(tagSpec).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(
+      formatPrereleaseResolutionError({
+        spec: bareSpec!,
+        resolvedVersion: "1.2.3-beta.1",
+      }),
+    ).toContain(`Use "@openclaw/voice-call@beta"`);
+    expect(
+      formatPrereleaseResolutionError({
+        spec: tagSpec!,
+        resolvedVersion: "1.2.3-rc.1",
+      }),
+    ).toContain("Use an explicit prerelease tag or exact prerelease version");
+  });
 });