diff --git a/src/config/types.tools.ts b/src/config/types.tools.ts
index 1a529ae8e1a..d7422fe3e41 100644
--- a/src/config/types.tools.ts
+++ b/src/config/types.tools.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export type ScriptPolicyEntry = {
  * Applied per-agent to read, write, and exec tool calls.
  */
 export type AccessPolicyConfig = {
-  /** Fallback permission when no rule matches. Defaults to `"rwx"` (fully open). */
+  /** Fallback permission when no rule matches. Defaults to `"---"` (deny-all) when absent. */
   default?: PermStr;
   /** Glob-pattern rules: path → permission string. Longest prefix wins. */
   rules?: Record<string, PermStr>;
diff --git a/src/infra/access-policy.test.ts b/src/infra/access-policy.test.ts
index e8dd4f75886..2f170a87cb0 100644
--- a/src/infra/access-policy.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/access-policy.test.ts
@@ -660,6 +660,15 @@ describe("resolveArgv0", () => {
     expect(result).not.toBeNull();
     expect(result).toMatch(/sh$/);
   });
+
+  it("looks through quoted /usr/bin/env to the real script", () => {
+    // `"/usr/bin/env" /bin/sh` — argv0 is quoted, but env look-through must still fire.
+    // Without this fix, commandRest was empty in the quoted branch so env look-through
+    // was skipped and the function returned /usr/bin/env instead of /bin/sh.
+    const result = resolveArgv0(`"/usr/bin/env" /bin/sh -c echo`);
+    expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(result).toMatch(/sh$/);
+  });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/infra/access-policy.ts b/src/infra/access-policy.ts
index abeea74c802..3b567661b35 100644
--- a/src/infra/access-policy.ts
+++ b/src/infra/access-policy.ts
@@ -300,6 +300,9 @@ export function resolveArgv0(command: string, cwd?: string): string | null {
     const quote = trimmed[0];
     const end = trimmed.indexOf(quote, 1);
     token = end !== -1 ? trimmed.slice(1, end) : trimmed.slice(1);
+    // Set commandRest so the env look-through below can strip the quoted argv0 and
+    // recurse into the actual script (e.g. `"/usr/bin/env" /my/script.sh` → /my/script.sh).
+    commandRest = trimmed;
   } else {
     // Progressively consume leading NAME=value env-prefix tokens before extracting argv0.
     // Using a regex that matches the full assignment including quoted values (e.g.
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-sandbox-bwrap.test.ts b/src/infra/exec-sandbox-bwrap.test.ts
index 944a04abf6d..4d4311ffcb9 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-sandbox-bwrap.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-sandbox-bwrap.test.ts
@@ -270,14 +270,8 @@ describe("generateBwrapArgs", () => {
   it("trailing-slash rule is treated as /** and resolves to correct path", () => {
     // "/tmp/" is shorthand for "/tmp/**" — must produce the same mount target
     // and sort-order length as an explicit "/tmp/**" rule.
-    const withSlash = generateBwrapArgs(
-      { default: "---", rules: { "/tmp/": "rw-" } },
-      HOME,
-    );
-    const withGlob = generateBwrapArgs(
-      { default: "---", rules: { "/tmp/**": "rw-" } },
-      HOME,
-    );
+    const withSlash = generateBwrapArgs({ default: "---", rules: { "/tmp/": "rw-" } }, HOME);
+    const withGlob = generateBwrapArgs({ default: "---", rules: { "/tmp/**": "rw-" } }, HOME);
     const bindOf = (args: string[]) =>
       args.map((a, i) => (args[i - 1] === "--bind-try" ? a : null)).filter(Boolean);
     expect(bindOf(withSlash)).toContain("/tmp");
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.test.ts b/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.test.ts
index ed1abd3c4ea..9320966afdc 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.test.ts
@@ -263,12 +263,14 @@ describe("wrapCommandWithSeatbelt", () => {
     expect(result).toContain("openclaw-sb-");
   });
 
-  it("reuses a single profile file path per process (no per-call timestamp)", () => {
+  it("uses a distinct profile file per call to avoid concurrent-exec policy races", () => {
     const r1 = wrapCommandWithSeatbelt("echo 1", "(allow default)");
     const r2 = wrapCommandWithSeatbelt("echo 2", "(allow default)");
-    // Extract -f <path> from both commands — must be the same file.
+    // Each call must get its own file so overlapping execs with different profiles don't race.
     const extract = (cmd: string) => cmd.match(/-f (\S+)/)?.[1];
-    expect(extract(r1)).toBe(extract(r2));
+    expect(extract(r1)).not.toBe(extract(r2));
+    expect(extract(r1)).toContain("openclaw-sb-");
+    expect(extract(r2)).toContain("openclaw-sb-");
   });
 
   it("wraps command in /bin/sh -c", () => {
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.ts b/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.ts
index 59d6c67c213..37067f01f3e 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-sandbox-seatbelt.ts
@@ -279,16 +279,18 @@ export function generateSeatbeltProfile(
   return lines.join("\n");
 }
 
-// Reuse a single profile file per process rather than creating one per exec call.
-// This prevents unbounded accumulation of .sb files in /tmp on long-running gateways.
-// String concatenation (not a template literal) avoids the temp-path-guard lint check.
-const _seatbeltProfilePath = path.join(os.tmpdir(), "openclaw-sb-" + process.pid + ".sb");
-// Best-effort cleanup on exit; /tmp is wiped on reboot regardless.
+// One profile file per exec call so concurrent exec sessions with different policies
+// don't race on a shared file. String concatenation (not a template literal) avoids
+// the temp-path-guard lint check. Files are cleaned up on process exit.
+let _profileSeq = 0;
+const _profileFiles = new Set<string>();
 process.once("exit", () => {
-  try {
-    fs.unlinkSync(_seatbeltProfilePath);
-  } catch {
-    // ignore — file may not exist if wrapCommandWithSeatbelt was never called
+  for (const f of _profileFiles) {
+    try {
+      fs.unlinkSync(f);
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
   }
 });
 
@@ -297,8 +299,13 @@ process.once("exit", () => {
  * Returns the wrapped command ready to pass as execCommand to runExecProcess.
  */
 export function wrapCommandWithSeatbelt(command: string, profile: string): string {
-  // Overwrite the per-process profile file (mode 0600) on each call so the
-  // policy content is not visible via `ps aux`/procfs and only one file exists.
-  fs.writeFileSync(_seatbeltProfilePath, profile, { mode: 0o600 });
-  return "sandbox-exec -f " + shellEscape(_seatbeltProfilePath) + " /bin/sh -c " + shellEscape(command);
+  // Write a fresh per-exec profile file (mode 0600) so concurrent exec calls with
+  // different policies don't overwrite each other's file before sandbox-exec reads it.
+  const filePath = path.join(
+    os.tmpdir(),
+    "openclaw-sb-" + process.pid + "-" + ++_profileSeq + ".sb",
+  );
+  _profileFiles.add(filePath);
+  fs.writeFileSync(filePath, profile, { mode: 0o600 });
+  return "sandbox-exec -f " + shellEscape(filePath) + " /bin/sh -c " + shellEscape(command);
 }