diff --git a/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.test.ts b/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.test.ts
index 189dc1eda76..eaaec53f10c 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/browser-tool.test.ts
@@ -108,16 +108,33 @@ function mockSingleBrowserProxyNode() {
   ]);
 }
 
-describe("browser tool snapshot maxChars", () => {
+function resetBrowserToolMocks() {
+  vi.clearAllMocks();
+  configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({ browser: {} });
+  nodesUtilsMocks.listNodes.mockResolvedValue([]);
+}
+
+function registerBrowserToolAfterEachReset() {
   afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-    configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({ browser: {} });
-    nodesUtilsMocks.listNodes.mockResolvedValue([]);
+    resetBrowserToolMocks();
   });
+}
+
+async function runSnapshotToolCall(params: {
+  snapshotFormat: "ai" | "aria";
+  refs?: "aria" | "dom";
+  maxChars?: number;
+  profile?: string;
+}) {
+  const tool = createBrowserTool();
+  await tool.execute?.("call-1", { action: "snapshot", ...params });
+}
+
+describe("browser tool snapshot maxChars", () => {
+  registerBrowserToolAfterEachReset();
 
   it("applies the default ai snapshot limit", async () => {
-    const tool = createBrowserTool();
-    await tool.execute?.("call-1", { action: "snapshot", snapshotFormat: "ai" });
+    await runSnapshotToolCall({ snapshotFormat: "ai" });
 
     expect(browserClientMocks.browserSnapshot).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       undefined,
@@ -184,8 +201,7 @@ describe("browser tool snapshot maxChars", () => {
     configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({
       browser: { snapshotDefaults: { mode: "efficient" } },
     });
-    const tool = createBrowserTool();
-    await tool.execute?.("call-1", { action: "snapshot", snapshotFormat: "ai" });
+    await runSnapshotToolCall({ snapshotFormat: "ai" });
 
     expect(browserClientMocks.browserSnapshot).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       undefined,
@@ -263,11 +279,7 @@ describe("browser tool snapshot maxChars", () => {
 });
 
 describe("browser tool url alias support", () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-    configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({ browser: {} });
-    nodesUtilsMocks.listNodes.mockResolvedValue([]);
-  });
+  registerBrowserToolAfterEachReset();
 
   it("accepts url alias for open", async () => {
     const tool = createBrowserTool();
@@ -308,11 +320,7 @@ describe("browser tool url alias support", () => {
 });
 
 describe("browser tool act compatibility", () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-    configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({ browser: {} });
-    nodesUtilsMocks.listNodes.mockResolvedValue([]);
-  });
+  registerBrowserToolAfterEachReset();
 
   it("accepts flattened act params for backward compatibility", async () => {
     const tool = createBrowserTool();
@@ -364,10 +372,7 @@ describe("browser tool act compatibility", () => {
 });
 
 describe("browser tool snapshot labels", () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-    configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({ browser: {} });
-  });
+  registerBrowserToolAfterEachReset();
 
   it("returns image + text when labels are requested", async () => {
     const tool = createBrowserTool();
@@ -409,11 +414,7 @@ describe("browser tool snapshot labels", () => {
 });
 
 describe("browser tool external content wrapping", () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-    configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({ browser: {} });
-    nodesUtilsMocks.listNodes.mockResolvedValue([]);
-  });
+  registerBrowserToolAfterEachReset();
 
   it("wraps aria snapshots as external content", async () => {
     browserClientMocks.browserSnapshot.mockResolvedValueOnce({
@@ -525,11 +526,7 @@ describe("browser tool external content wrapping", () => {
 });
 
 describe("browser tool act stale target recovery", () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-    configMocks.loadConfig.mockReturnValue({ browser: {} });
-    nodesUtilsMocks.listNodes.mockResolvedValue([]);
-  });
+  registerBrowserToolAfterEachReset();
 
   it("retries chrome act once without targetId when tab id is stale", async () => {
     browserActionsMocks.browserAct
diff --git a/src/agents/tools/telegram-actions.test.ts b/src/agents/tools/telegram-actions.test.ts
index ea7fcddcbb5..6b4f2314a6b 100644
--- a/src/agents/tools/telegram-actions.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tools/telegram-actions.test.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,22 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction", () => {
     } as OpenClawConfig;
   }
 
+  async function sendInlineButtonsMessage(params: {
+    to: string;
+    buttons: Array<Array<{ text: string; callback_data: string; style?: string }>>;
+    inlineButtons: "dm" | "group" | "all";
+  }) {
+    await handleTelegramAction(
+      {
+        action: "sendMessage",
+        to: params.to,
+        content: "Choose",
+        buttons: params.buttons,
+      },
+      telegramConfig({ capabilities: { inlineButtons: params.inlineButtons } }),
+    );
+  }
+
   async function expectReactionAdded(reactionLevel: "minimal" | "extensive") {
     await handleTelegramAction(defaultReactionAction, reactionConfig(reactionLevel));
     expect(reactMessageTelegram).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
@@ -103,9 +119,6 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction", () => {
   });
 
   it("accepts snake_case message_id for reactions", async () => {
-    const cfg = {
-      channels: { telegram: { botToken: "tok", reactionLevel: "minimal" } },
-    } as OpenClawConfig;
     await handleTelegramAction(
       {
         action: "react",
@@ -113,7 +126,7 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction", () => {
         message_id: "456",
         emoji: "✅",
       },
-      cfg,
+      reactionConfig("minimal"),
     );
     expect(reactMessageTelegram).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "123",
@@ -143,9 +156,6 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction", () => {
   });
 
   it("removes reactions on empty emoji", async () => {
-    const cfg = {
-      channels: { telegram: { botToken: "tok", reactionLevel: "minimal" } },
-    } as OpenClawConfig;
     await handleTelegramAction(
       {
         action: "react",
@@ -153,7 +163,7 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction", () => {
         messageId: "456",
         emoji: "",
       },
-      cfg,
+      reactionConfig("minimal"),
     );
     expect(reactMessageTelegram).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "123",
@@ -476,44 +486,29 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction", () => {
   });
 
   it("allows inline buttons in DMs with tg: prefixed targets", async () => {
-    const cfg = telegramConfig({ capabilities: { inlineButtons: "dm" } });
-    await handleTelegramAction(
-      {
-        action: "sendMessage",
-        to: "tg:5232990709",
-        content: "Choose",
-        buttons: [[{ text: "Ok", callback_data: "cmd:ok" }]],
-      },
-      cfg,
-    );
+    await sendInlineButtonsMessage({
+      to: "tg:5232990709",
+      buttons: [[{ text: "Ok", callback_data: "cmd:ok" }]],
+      inlineButtons: "dm",
+    });
     expect(sendMessageTelegram).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("allows inline buttons in groups with topic targets", async () => {
-    const cfg = telegramConfig({ capabilities: { inlineButtons: "group" } });
-    await handleTelegramAction(
-      {
-        action: "sendMessage",
-        to: "telegram:group:-1001234567890:topic:456",
-        content: "Choose",
-        buttons: [[{ text: "Ok", callback_data: "cmd:ok" }]],
-      },
-      cfg,
-    );
+    await sendInlineButtonsMessage({
+      to: "telegram:group:-1001234567890:topic:456",
+      buttons: [[{ text: "Ok", callback_data: "cmd:ok" }]],
+      inlineButtons: "group",
+    });
     expect(sendMessageTelegram).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it("sends messages with inline keyboard buttons when enabled", async () => {
-    const cfg = telegramConfig({ capabilities: { inlineButtons: "all" } });
-    await handleTelegramAction(
-      {
-        action: "sendMessage",
-        to: "@testchannel",
-        content: "Choose",
-        buttons: [[{ text: "  Option A ", callback_data: " cmd:a " }]],
-      },
-      cfg,
-    );
+    await sendInlineButtonsMessage({
+      to: "@testchannel",
+      buttons: [[{ text: "  Option A ", callback_data: " cmd:a " }]],
+      inlineButtons: "all",
+    });
     expect(sendMessageTelegram).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "@testchannel",
       "Choose",
@@ -524,24 +519,19 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction", () => {
   });
 
   it("forwards optional button style", async () => {
-    const cfg = telegramConfig({ capabilities: { inlineButtons: "all" } });
-    await handleTelegramAction(
-      {
-        action: "sendMessage",
-        to: "@testchannel",
-        content: "Choose",
-        buttons: [
-          [
-            {
-              text: "Option A",
-              callback_data: "cmd:a",
-              style: "primary",
-            },
-          ],
+    await sendInlineButtonsMessage({
+      to: "@testchannel",
+      inlineButtons: "all",
+      buttons: [
+        [
+          {
+            text: "Option A",
+            callback_data: "cmd:a",
+            style: "primary",
+          },
         ],
-      },
-      cfg,
-    );
+      ],
+    });
     expect(sendMessageTelegram).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "@testchannel",
       "Choose",
@@ -601,6 +591,25 @@ describe("readTelegramButtons", () => {
 });
 
 describe("handleTelegramAction per-account gating", () => {
+  function accountTelegramConfig(params: {
+    accounts: Record<
+      string,
+      { botToken: string; actions?: { sticker?: boolean; reactions?: boolean } }
+    >;
+    topLevelBotToken?: string;
+    topLevelActions?: { reactions?: boolean };
+  }): OpenClawConfig {
+    return {
+      channels: {
+        telegram: {
+          ...(params.topLevelBotToken ? { botToken: params.topLevelBotToken } : {}),
+          ...(params.topLevelActions ? { actions: params.topLevelActions } : {}),
+          accounts: params.accounts,
+        },
+      },
+    } as OpenClawConfig;
+  }
+
   async function expectAccountStickerSend(cfg: OpenClawConfig, accountId = "media") {
     await handleTelegramAction(
       { action: "sendSticker", to: "123", fileId: "sticker-id", accountId },
@@ -614,15 +623,11 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction per-account gating", () => {
   }
 
   it("allows sticker when account config enables it", async () => {
-    const cfg = {
-      channels: {
-        telegram: {
-          accounts: {
-            media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true } },
-          },
-        },
+    const cfg = accountTelegramConfig({
+      accounts: {
+        media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true } },
       },
-    } as OpenClawConfig;
+    });
     await expectAccountStickerSend(cfg);
   });
 
@@ -647,30 +652,22 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction per-account gating", () => {
 
   it("uses account-merged config, not top-level config", async () => {
     // Top-level has no sticker enabled, but the account does
-    const cfg = {
-      channels: {
-        telegram: {
-          botToken: "tok-base",
-          accounts: {
-            media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true } },
-          },
-        },
+    const cfg = accountTelegramConfig({
+      topLevelBotToken: "tok-base",
+      accounts: {
+        media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true } },
       },
-    } as OpenClawConfig;
+    });
     await expectAccountStickerSend(cfg);
   });
 
   it("inherits top-level reaction gate when account overrides sticker only", async () => {
-    const cfg = {
-      channels: {
-        telegram: {
-          actions: { reactions: false },
-          accounts: {
-            media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true } },
-          },
-        },
+    const cfg = accountTelegramConfig({
+      topLevelActions: { reactions: false },
+      accounts: {
+        media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true } },
       },
-    } as OpenClawConfig;
+    });
 
     const result = await handleTelegramAction(
       {
@@ -689,16 +686,12 @@ describe("handleTelegramAction per-account gating", () => {
   });
 
   it("allows account to explicitly re-enable top-level disabled reaction gate", async () => {
-    const cfg = {
-      channels: {
-        telegram: {
-          actions: { reactions: false },
-          accounts: {
-            media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true, reactions: true } },
-          },
-        },
+    const cfg = accountTelegramConfig({
+      topLevelActions: { reactions: false },
+      accounts: {
+        media: { botToken: "tok-media", actions: { sticker: true, reactions: true } },
       },
-    } as OpenClawConfig;
+    });
 
     await handleTelegramAction(
       {