diff --git a/src/daemon/launchd-plist.ts b/src/daemon/launchd-plist.ts
index b292ff45974..37448cdcebf 100644
--- a/src/daemon/launchd-plist.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/launchd-plist.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 
+// launchd applies ThrottleInterval to any rapid relaunch, including
+// intentional gateway restarts. Keep it low so CLI restarts and forced
+// reinstalls do not stall for a full minute.
+export const LAUNCH_AGENT_THROTTLE_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 1;
+
 const plistEscape = (value: string): string =>
   value
     .replaceAll("&", "&")
@@ -106,5 +111,5 @@ export function buildLaunchAgentPlist({
     ? `\n    <key>Comment</key>\n    <string>${plistEscape(comment.trim())}</string>`
     : "";
   const envXml = renderEnvDict(environment);
-  return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">\n<plist version="1.0">\n  <dict>\n    <key>Label</key>\n    <string>${plistEscape(label)}</string>\n    ${commentXml}\n    <key>RunAtLoad</key>\n    <true/>\n    <key>KeepAlive</key>\n    <true/>\n    <key>ThrottleInterval</key>\n    <integer>60</integer>\n    <key>ProgramArguments</key>\n    <array>${argsXml}\n    </array>\n    ${workingDirXml}\n    <key>StandardOutPath</key>\n    <string>${plistEscape(stdoutPath)}</string>\n    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>\n    <string>${plistEscape(stderrPath)}</string>${envXml}\n  </dict>\n</plist>\n`;
+  return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">\n<plist version="1.0">\n  <dict>\n    <key>Label</key>\n    <string>${plistEscape(label)}</string>\n    ${commentXml}\n    <key>RunAtLoad</key>\n    <true/>\n    <key>KeepAlive</key>\n    <true/>\n    <key>ThrottleInterval</key>\n    <integer>${LAUNCH_AGENT_THROTTLE_INTERVAL_SECONDS}</integer>\n    <key>ProgramArguments</key>\n    <array>${argsXml}\n    </array>\n    ${workingDirXml}\n    <key>StandardOutPath</key>\n    <string>${plistEscape(stdoutPath)}</string>\n    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>\n    <string>${plistEscape(stderrPath)}</string>${envXml}\n  </dict>\n</plist>\n`;
 }
diff --git a/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts b/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts
index 85c7a3350e9..6cf31dc5ce5 100644
--- a/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts
+++ b/src/daemon/launchd.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { PassThrough } from "node:stream";
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { LAUNCH_AGENT_THROTTLE_INTERVAL_SECONDS } from "./launchd-plist.js";
 import {
   installLaunchAgent,
   isLaunchAgentListed,
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ describe("launchd install", () => {
     expect(plist).toContain("<true/>");
     expect(plist).not.toContain("<key>SuccessfulExit</key>");
     expect(plist).toContain("<key>ThrottleInterval</key>");
-    expect(plist).toContain("<integer>60</integer>");
+    expect(plist).toContain(`<integer>${LAUNCH_AGENT_THROTTLE_INTERVAL_SECONDS}</integer>`);
   });
 
   it("restarts LaunchAgent with bootout-bootstrap-kickstart order", async () => {