diff --git a/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.test.ts b/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.test.ts
index ca4d81e012e..d1d72aecd24 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.test.ts
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ describe("exec approval forwarder", () => {
           channel: "whatsapp",
           to: "+15555550123",
           accountId: "work",
-          threadId: "1739201675.123",
+          threadId: 1739201675,
         }),
       );
     } finally {
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts b/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts
index ca9abbc80b5..1008531d2f1 100644
--- a/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts
+++ b/src/infra/exec-approval-forwarder.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import type { ReplyPayload } from "../auto-reply/types.js";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import { loadConfig } from "../config/config.js";
-import { loadSessionStore, resolveStorePath } from "../config/sessions.js";
 import type {
   ExecApprovalForwardingConfig,
   ExecApprovalForwardTarget,
@@ -18,13 +17,13 @@ import {
 } from "../utils/message-channel.js";
 import { resolveExecApprovalCommandDisplay } from "./exec-approval-command-display.js";
 import { buildExecApprovalPendingReplyPayload } from "./exec-approval-reply.js";
+import { resolveExecApprovalSessionTarget } from "./exec-approval-session-target.js";
 import type {
   ExecApprovalDecision,
   ExecApprovalRequest,
   ExecApprovalResolved,
 } from "./exec-approvals.js";
 import { deliverOutboundPayloads } from "./outbound/deliver.js";
-import { resolveSessionDeliveryTarget } from "./outbound/targets.js";
 
 const log = createSubsystemLogger("gateway/exec-approvals");
 export type { ExecApprovalRequest, ExecApprovalResolved };
@@ -281,21 +280,9 @@ function defaultResolveSessionTarget(params: {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig;
   request: ExecApprovalRequest;
 }): ExecApprovalForwardTarget | null {
-  const sessionKey = params.request.request.sessionKey?.trim();
-  if (!sessionKey) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const parsed = parseAgentSessionKey(sessionKey);
-  const agentId = parsed?.agentId ?? params.request.request.agentId ?? "main";
-  const storePath = resolveStorePath(params.cfg.session?.store, { agentId });
-  const store = loadSessionStore(storePath);
-  const entry = store[sessionKey];
-  if (!entry) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const target = resolveSessionDeliveryTarget({
-    entry,
-    requestedChannel: "last",
+  const target = resolveExecApprovalSessionTarget({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+    request: params.request,
     turnSourceChannel: normalizeTurnSourceChannel(params.request.request.turnSourceChannel),
     turnSourceTo: params.request.request.turnSourceTo?.trim() || undefined,
     turnSourceAccountId: params.request.request.turnSourceAccountId?.trim() || undefined,
diff --git a/src/infra/exec-approval-session-target.ts b/src/infra/exec-approval-session-target.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71535914c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/exec-approval-session-target.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+import { loadSessionStore, resolveStorePath } from "../config/sessions.js";
+import { parseAgentSessionKey } from "../routing/session-key.js";
+import type { ExecApprovalRequest } from "./exec-approvals.js";
+import { resolveSessionDeliveryTarget } from "./outbound/targets.js";
+
+export type ExecApprovalSessionTarget = {
+  channel?: string;
+  to: string;
+  accountId?: string;
+  threadId?: number;
+};
+
+function normalizeOptionalString(value?: string | null): string | undefined {
+  const normalized = value?.trim();
+  return normalized ? normalized : undefined;
+}
+
+function normalizeOptionalThreadId(value?: string | number | null): number | undefined {
+  if (typeof value === "number") {
+    return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : undefined;
+  }
+  if (typeof value !== "string") {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const normalized = Number.parseInt(value, 10);
+  return Number.isFinite(normalized) ? normalized : undefined;
+}
+
+export function resolveExecApprovalSessionTarget(params: {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+  request: ExecApprovalRequest;
+  turnSourceChannel?: string | null;
+  turnSourceTo?: string | null;
+  turnSourceAccountId?: string | null;
+  turnSourceThreadId?: string | number | null;
+}): ExecApprovalSessionTarget | null {
+  const sessionKey = normalizeOptionalString(params.request.request.sessionKey);
+  if (!sessionKey) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const parsed = parseAgentSessionKey(sessionKey);
+  const agentId = parsed?.agentId ?? params.request.request.agentId ?? "main";
+  const storePath = resolveStorePath(params.cfg.session?.store, { agentId });
+  const store = loadSessionStore(storePath);
+  const entry = store[sessionKey];
+  if (!entry) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const target = resolveSessionDeliveryTarget({
+    entry,
+    requestedChannel: "last",
+    turnSourceChannel: normalizeOptionalString(params.turnSourceChannel),
+    turnSourceTo: normalizeOptionalString(params.turnSourceTo),
+    turnSourceAccountId: normalizeOptionalString(params.turnSourceAccountId),
+    turnSourceThreadId: normalizeOptionalThreadId(params.turnSourceThreadId),
+  });
+  if (!target.to) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    channel: normalizeOptionalString(target.channel),
+    to: target.to,
+    accountId: normalizeOptionalString(target.accountId),
+    threadId: normalizeOptionalThreadId(target.threadId),
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/media/fetch.telegram-network.test.ts b/src/media/fetch.telegram-network.test.ts
index c9989867f0b..cb4cb1ab5b1 100644
--- a/src/media/fetch.telegram-network.test.ts
+++ b/src/media/fetch.telegram-network.test.ts
@@ -2,47 +2,35 @@ import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { resolveTelegramTransport } from "../telegram/fetch.js";
 import { fetchRemoteMedia } from "./fetch.js";
 
-const undiciFetch = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
-const AgentCtor = vi.hoisted(() =>
-  vi.fn(function MockAgent(
-    this: { options?: Record<string, unknown> },
-    options?: Record<string, unknown>,
-  ) {
-    this.options = options;
-  }),
-);
-const EnvHttpProxyAgentCtor = vi.hoisted(() =>
-  vi.fn(function MockEnvHttpProxyAgent(
-    this: { options?: Record<string, unknown> },
-    options?: Record<string, unknown>,
-  ) {
-    this.options = options;
-  }),
-);
-const ProxyAgentCtor = vi.hoisted(() =>
-  vi.fn(function MockProxyAgent(
-    this: { options?: Record<string, unknown> | string },
-    options?: Record<string, unknown> | string,
-  ) {
-    this.options = options;
-  }),
-);
+const undiciMocks = vi.hoisted(() => {
+  const createDispatcherCtor = <T extends Record<string, unknown> | string>() =>
+    vi.fn(function MockDispatcher(this: { options?: T }, options?: T) {
+      this.options = options;
+    });
+
+  return {
+    fetch: vi.fn(),
+    agentCtor: createDispatcherCtor<Record<string, unknown>>(),
+    envHttpProxyAgentCtor: createDispatcherCtor<Record<string, unknown>>(),
+    proxyAgentCtor: createDispatcherCtor<Record<string, unknown> | string>(),
+  };
+});
 
 vi.mock("undici", () => ({
-  Agent: AgentCtor,
-  EnvHttpProxyAgent: EnvHttpProxyAgentCtor,
-  ProxyAgent: ProxyAgentCtor,
-  fetch: undiciFetch,
+  Agent: undiciMocks.agentCtor,
+  EnvHttpProxyAgent: undiciMocks.envHttpProxyAgentCtor,
+  ProxyAgent: undiciMocks.proxyAgentCtor,
+  fetch: undiciMocks.fetch,
 }));
 
 describe("fetchRemoteMedia telegram network policy", () => {
   type LookupFn = NonNullable<Parameters<typeof fetchRemoteMedia>[0]["lookupFn"]>;
 
   afterEach(() => {
-    undiciFetch.mockReset();
-    AgentCtor.mockClear();
-    EnvHttpProxyAgentCtor.mockClear();
-    ProxyAgentCtor.mockClear();
+    undiciMocks.fetch.mockReset();
+    undiciMocks.agentCtor.mockClear();
+    undiciMocks.envHttpProxyAgentCtor.mockClear();
+    undiciMocks.proxyAgentCtor.mockClear();
     vi.unstubAllEnvs();
   });
 
@@ -50,7 +38,7 @@ describe("fetchRemoteMedia telegram network policy", () => {
     const lookupFn = vi.fn(async () => [
       { address: "149.154.167.220", family: 4 },
     ]) as unknown as LookupFn;
-    undiciFetch.mockResolvedValueOnce(
+    undiciMocks.fetch.mockResolvedValueOnce(
       new Response(new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0x00]), {
         status: 200,
         headers: { "content-type": "image/jpeg" },
@@ -76,7 +64,7 @@ describe("fetchRemoteMedia telegram network policy", () => {
       },
     });
 
-    const init = undiciFetch.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as
+    const init = undiciMocks.fetch.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as
       | (RequestInit & {
           dispatcher?: {
             options?: {
@@ -100,7 +88,7 @@ describe("fetchRemoteMedia telegram network policy", () => {
     const lookupFn = vi.fn(async () => [
       { address: "149.154.167.220", family: 4 },
     ]) as unknown as LookupFn;
-    undiciFetch.mockResolvedValueOnce(
+    undiciMocks.fetch.mockResolvedValueOnce(
       new Response(new Uint8Array([0x25, 0x50, 0x44, 0x46]), {
         status: 200,
         headers: { "content-type": "application/pdf" },
@@ -126,7 +114,7 @@ describe("fetchRemoteMedia telegram network policy", () => {
       },
     });
 
-    const init = undiciFetch.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as
+    const init = undiciMocks.fetch.mock.calls[0]?.[1] as
       | (RequestInit & {
           dispatcher?: {
             options?: {
@@ -137,6 +125,6 @@ describe("fetchRemoteMedia telegram network policy", () => {
       | undefined;
 
     expect(init?.dispatcher?.options?.uri).toBe("http://127.0.0.1:7890");
-    expect(ProxyAgentCtor).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(undiciMocks.proxyAgentCtor).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts b/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts
index 65488928469..01e3b51bedd 100644
--- a/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts
+++ b/src/telegram/exec-approvals-handler.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
-import { loadSessionStore, resolveStorePath } from "../config/sessions.js";
 import { GatewayClient } from "../gateway/client.js";
 import { createOperatorApprovalsGatewayClient } from "../gateway/operator-approvals-client.js";
 import type { EventFrame } from "../gateway/protocol/index.js";
@@ -8,8 +7,8 @@ import {
   buildExecApprovalPendingReplyPayload,
   type ExecApprovalPendingReplyParams,
 } from "../infra/exec-approval-reply.js";
+import { resolveExecApprovalSessionTarget } from "../infra/exec-approval-session-target.js";
 import type { ExecApprovalRequest, ExecApprovalResolved } from "../infra/exec-approvals.js";
-import { resolveSessionDeliveryTarget } from "../infra/outbound/targets.js";
 import { createSubsystemLogger } from "../logging/subsystem.js";
 import { normalizeAccountId, parseAgentSessionKey } from "../routing/session-key.js";
 import type { RuntimeEnv } from "../runtime.js";
@@ -120,40 +119,14 @@ function resolveRequestSessionTarget(params: {
   cfg: OpenClawConfig;
   request: ExecApprovalRequest;
 }): { to: string; accountId?: string; threadId?: number; channel?: string } | null {
-  const sessionKey = params.request.request.sessionKey?.trim();
-  if (!sessionKey) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const parsed = parseAgentSessionKey(sessionKey);
-  const agentId = parsed?.agentId ?? params.request.request.agentId ?? "main";
-  const storePath = resolveStorePath(params.cfg.session?.store, { agentId });
-  const store = loadSessionStore(storePath);
-  const entry = store[sessionKey];
-  if (!entry) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  const target = resolveSessionDeliveryTarget({
-    entry,
-    requestedChannel: "last",
+  return resolveExecApprovalSessionTarget({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+    request: params.request,
     turnSourceChannel: params.request.request.turnSourceChannel ?? undefined,
     turnSourceTo: params.request.request.turnSourceTo ?? undefined,
     turnSourceAccountId: params.request.request.turnSourceAccountId ?? undefined,
     turnSourceThreadId: params.request.request.turnSourceThreadId ?? undefined,
   });
-  if (!target.to) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return {
-    channel: target.channel ?? undefined,
-    to: target.to,
-    accountId: target.accountId ?? undefined,
-    threadId:
-      typeof target.threadId === "number"
-        ? target.threadId
-        : typeof target.threadId === "string"
-          ? Number.parseInt(target.threadId, 10)
-          : undefined,
-  };
 }
 
 function resolveTelegramSourceTarget(params: {