diff --git a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.availability.ts b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.availability.ts
index 94b4db2c3cc..2c1454fe875 100644
--- a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.availability.ts
+++ b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.availability.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ import {
   CDP_READY_AFTER_LAUNCH_POLL_MS,
   CDP_READY_AFTER_LAUNCH_WINDOW_MS,
 } from "./server-context.constants.js";
+import {
+  closePlaywrightBrowserConnectionForProfile,
+  resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome,
+} from "./server-context.lifecycle.js";
 import type {
   BrowserServerState,
   ContextOptions,
@@ -100,15 +104,6 @@ export function createProfileAvailability({
     });
   };
 
-  const closePlaywrightBrowserConnectionForProfile = async (cdpUrl?: string): Promise<void> => {
-    try {
-      const mod = await import("./pw-ai.js");
-      await mod.closePlaywrightBrowserConnection(cdpUrl ? { cdpUrl } : undefined);
-    } catch {
-      // ignore
-    }
-  };
-
   const reconcileProfileRuntime = async (): Promise<void> => {
     const profileState = getProfileState();
     const reconcile = profileState.reconcile;
@@ -277,15 +272,13 @@ export function createProfileAvailability({
     }
     const profileState = getProfileState();
     if (!profileState.running) {
-      const remoteCdp = capabilities.isRemote;
-      if (profile.attachOnly || remoteCdp) {
-        // No process was launched for attachOnly/remote profiles, but a Playwright
-        // CDP connection may still be active. Close it so emulation overrides
-        // (prefers-color-scheme, etc.) are released.
+      const idleStop = resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome(profile);
+      if (idleStop.closePlaywright) {
+        // No process was launched for attachOnly/remote profiles, but a cached
+        // Playwright CDP connection may still be active and holding emulation state.
         await closePlaywrightBrowserConnectionForProfile(profile.cdpUrl);
-        return { stopped: true };
       }
-      return { stopped: false };
+      return { stopped: idleStop.stopped };
     }
     await stopOpenClawChrome(profileState.running);
     setProfileRunning(null);
diff --git a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.ensure-browser-available.waits-for-cdp-ready.test.ts b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.ensure-browser-available.waits-for-cdp-ready.test.ts
index e1476dd7de4..0b739b75f78 100644
--- a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.ensure-browser-available.waits-for-cdp-ready.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.ensure-browser-available.waits-for-cdp-ready.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import type { ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams } from "node:child_process";
-import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import "./server-context.chrome-test-harness.js";
 import {
@@ -7,55 +5,8 @@ import {
   PROFILE_HTTP_REACHABILITY_TIMEOUT_MS,
 } from "./cdp-timeouts.js";
 import * as chromeModule from "./chrome.js";
-import type { RunningChrome } from "./chrome.js";
-import type { BrowserServerState } from "./server-context.js";
 import { createBrowserRouteContext } from "./server-context.js";
-
-function makeBrowserState(): BrowserServerState {
-  return {
-    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
-    server: null as any,
-    port: 0,
-    resolved: {
-      enabled: true,
-      controlPort: 18791,
-      cdpProtocol: "http",
-      cdpHost: "127.0.0.1",
-      cdpIsLoopback: true,
-      cdpPortRangeStart: 18800,
-      cdpPortRangeEnd: 18810,
-      evaluateEnabled: false,
-      remoteCdpTimeoutMs: 1500,
-      remoteCdpHandshakeTimeoutMs: 3000,
-      extraArgs: [],
-      color: "#FF4500",
-      headless: true,
-      noSandbox: false,
-      attachOnly: false,
-      ssrfPolicy: { allowPrivateNetwork: true },
-      defaultProfile: "openclaw",
-      profiles: {
-        openclaw: { cdpPort: 18800, color: "#FF4500" },
-      },
-    },
-    profiles: new Map(),
-  };
-}
-
-function mockLaunchedChrome(
-  launchOpenClawChrome: { mockResolvedValue: (value: RunningChrome) => unknown },
-  pid: number,
-) {
-  const proc = new EventEmitter() as unknown as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
-  launchOpenClawChrome.mockResolvedValue({
-    pid,
-    exe: { kind: "chromium", path: "/usr/bin/chromium" },
-    userDataDir: "/tmp/openclaw-test",
-    cdpPort: 18800,
-    startedAt: Date.now(),
-    proc,
-  });
-}
+import { makeBrowserServerState, mockLaunchedChrome } from "./server-context.test-harness.js";
 
 function setupEnsureBrowserAvailableHarness() {
   vi.useFakeTimers();
@@ -66,7 +17,7 @@ function setupEnsureBrowserAvailableHarness() {
   const isChromeCdpReady = vi.mocked(chromeModule.isChromeCdpReady);
   isChromeReachable.mockResolvedValue(false);
 
-  const state = makeBrowserState();
+  const state = makeBrowserServerState();
   const ctx = createBrowserRouteContext({ getState: () => state });
   const profile = ctx.forProfile("openclaw");
 
diff --git a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.lifecycle.test.ts b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.lifecycle.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..179bdb58704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome } from "./server-context.lifecycle.js";
+import { makeBrowserProfile } from "./server-context.test-harness.js";
+
+describe("resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome", () => {
+  it("treats attachOnly profiles as stopped via Playwright cleanup", () => {
+    expect(resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome(makeBrowserProfile({ attachOnly: true }))).toEqual({
+      stopped: true,
+      closePlaywright: true,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("treats remote CDP profiles as stopped via Playwright cleanup", () => {
+    expect(
+      resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome(
+        makeBrowserProfile({
+          cdpUrl: "http://10.0.0.5:9222",
+          cdpHost: "10.0.0.5",
+          cdpIsLoopback: false,
+          cdpPort: 9222,
+        }),
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({
+      stopped: true,
+      closePlaywright: true,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("keeps never-started managed profiles as not stopped", () => {
+    expect(resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome(makeBrowserProfile())).toEqual({
+      stopped: false,
+      closePlaywright: false,
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.lifecycle.ts b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.lifecycle.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17af693d73f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.lifecycle.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import type { ResolvedBrowserProfile } from "./config.js";
+import { getBrowserProfileCapabilities } from "./profile-capabilities.js";
+
+export function resolveIdleProfileStopOutcome(profile: ResolvedBrowserProfile): {
+  stopped: boolean;
+  closePlaywright: boolean;
+} {
+  const capabilities = getBrowserProfileCapabilities(profile);
+  if (profile.attachOnly || capabilities.isRemote) {
+    return {
+      stopped: true,
+      closePlaywright: true,
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    stopped: false,
+    closePlaywright: false,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function closePlaywrightBrowserConnectionForProfile(cdpUrl?: string): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    const mod = await import("./pw-ai.js");
+    await mod.closePlaywrightBrowserConnection(cdpUrl ? { cdpUrl } : undefined);
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  }
+}
diff --git a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.stop-running-browser.test.ts b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.stop-running-browser.test.ts
index 9cb114e4ac4..cf313dc65f9 100644
--- a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.stop-running-browser.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.stop-running-browser.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { createProfileAvailability } from "./server-context.availability.js";
-import type { BrowserServerState, ProfileRuntimeState } from "./server-context.types.js";
+import { createBrowserRouteContext } from "./server-context.js";
+import { makeBrowserProfile, makeBrowserServerState } from "./server-context.test-harness.js";
 
 const pwAiMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   closePlaywrightBrowserConnection: vi.fn(async () => {}),
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ vi.mock("./chrome.js", () => ({
   launchOpenClawChrome: vi.fn(async () => {
     throw new Error("unexpected launch");
   }),
+  resolveOpenClawUserDataDir: vi.fn(() => "/tmp/openclaw-test"),
   stopOpenClawChrome: vi.fn(async () => {}),
 }));
 vi.mock("./chrome-mcp.js", () => ({
@@ -25,108 +26,48 @@ afterEach(() => {
   vi.clearAllMocks();
 });
 
-function makeProfile(
-  overrides: Partial<Parameters<typeof createProfileAvailability>[0]["profile"]> = {},
-): Parameters<typeof createProfileAvailability>[0]["profile"] {
-  return {
-    name: "openclaw",
-    cdpUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:18800",
-    cdpHost: "127.0.0.1",
-    cdpIsLoopback: true,
-    cdpPort: 18800,
-    color: "#f60",
-    driver: "openclaw",
-    attachOnly: false,
-    ...overrides,
-  };
-}
-
-function makeState(
-  profile: Parameters<typeof createProfileAvailability>[0]["profile"],
-): BrowserServerState {
-  return {
-    server: null,
-    port: 0,
-    resolved: {
-      enabled: true,
-      evaluateEnabled: false,
-      controlPort: 18791,
-      cdpProtocol: "http",
-      cdpHost: profile.cdpHost,
-      cdpIsLoopback: profile.cdpIsLoopback,
-      cdpPortRangeStart: 18800,
-      cdpPortRangeEnd: 18810,
-      remoteCdpTimeoutMs: 1500,
-      remoteCdpHandshakeTimeoutMs: 3000,
-      extraArgs: [],
-      color: profile.color,
-      headless: true,
-      noSandbox: false,
-      attachOnly: false,
+function createStopHarness(profile: ReturnType<typeof makeBrowserProfile>) {
+  const state = makeBrowserServerState({
+    profile,
+    resolvedOverrides: {
       ssrfPolicy: { dangerouslyAllowPrivateNetwork: true },
-      defaultProfile: profile.name,
-      profiles: {
-        [profile.name]: profile,
-      },
-    },
-    profiles: new Map(),
-  };
-}
-
-function createStopHarness(profile: Parameters<typeof createProfileAvailability>[0]["profile"]) {
-  const state = makeState(profile);
-  const runtimeState: ProfileRuntimeState = {
-    profile,
-    running: null,
-    lastTargetId: null,
-    reconcile: null,
-  };
-  state.profiles.set(profile.name, runtimeState);
-
-  const ops = createProfileAvailability({
-    opts: { getState: () => state },
-    profile,
-    state: () => state,
-    getProfileState: () => runtimeState,
-    setProfileRunning: (running) => {
-      runtimeState.running = running;
     },
   });
-
-  return { ops };
+  const ctx = createBrowserRouteContext({ getState: () => state });
+  return { profileCtx: ctx.forProfile(profile.name) };
 }
 
 describe("createProfileAvailability.stopRunningBrowser", () => {
   it("disconnects attachOnly loopback profiles without an owned process", async () => {
-    const profile = makeProfile({ attachOnly: true });
-    const { ops } = createStopHarness(profile);
+    const profile = makeBrowserProfile({ attachOnly: true });
+    const { profileCtx } = createStopHarness(profile);
 
-    await expect(ops.stopRunningBrowser()).resolves.toEqual({ stopped: true });
+    await expect(profileCtx.stopRunningBrowser()).resolves.toEqual({ stopped: true });
     expect(pwAiMocks.closePlaywrightBrowserConnection).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       cdpUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:18800",
     });
   });
 
   it("disconnects remote CDP profiles without an owned process", async () => {
-    const profile = makeProfile({
+    const profile = makeBrowserProfile({
       cdpUrl: "http://10.0.0.5:9222",
       cdpHost: "10.0.0.5",
       cdpIsLoopback: false,
       cdpPort: 9222,
     });
-    const { ops } = createStopHarness(profile);
+    const { profileCtx } = createStopHarness(profile);
 
-    await expect(ops.stopRunningBrowser()).resolves.toEqual({ stopped: true });
+    await expect(profileCtx.stopRunningBrowser()).resolves.toEqual({ stopped: true });
     expect(pwAiMocks.closePlaywrightBrowserConnection).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       cdpUrl: "http://10.0.0.5:9222",
     });
   });
 
   it("keeps never-started local managed profiles as not stopped", async () => {
-    const profile = makeProfile();
-    const { ops } = createStopHarness(profile);
+    const profile = makeBrowserProfile();
+    const { profileCtx } = createStopHarness(profile);
 
-    await expect(ops.stopRunningBrowser()).resolves.toEqual({ stopped: false });
+    await expect(profileCtx.stopRunningBrowser()).resolves.toEqual({ stopped: false });
     expect(pwAiMocks.closePlaywrightBrowserConnection).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
diff --git a/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.test-harness.ts b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.test-harness.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75d36b95e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/browser/src/browser/server-context.test-harness.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import type { ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams } from "node:child_process";
+import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
+import type { RunningChrome } from "./chrome.js";
+import type { ResolvedBrowserProfile } from "./config.js";
+import type { BrowserServerState } from "./server-context.js";
+
+export function makeBrowserProfile(
+  overrides: Partial<ResolvedBrowserProfile> = {},
+): ResolvedBrowserProfile {
+  return {
+    name: "openclaw",
+    cdpUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:18800",
+    cdpHost: "127.0.0.1",
+    cdpIsLoopback: true,
+    cdpPort: 18800,
+    color: "#FF4500",
+    driver: "openclaw",
+    attachOnly: false,
+    ...overrides,
+  };
+}
+
+export function makeBrowserServerState(params?: {
+  profile?: ResolvedBrowserProfile;
+  resolvedOverrides?: Partial<BrowserServerState["resolved"]>;
+}): BrowserServerState {
+  const profile = params?.profile ?? makeBrowserProfile();
+  return {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/no-explicit-any
+    server: null as any,
+    port: 0,
+    resolved: {
+      enabled: true,
+      controlPort: 18791,
+      cdpProtocol: "http",
+      cdpHost: profile.cdpHost,
+      cdpIsLoopback: profile.cdpIsLoopback,
+      cdpPortRangeStart: 18800,
+      cdpPortRangeEnd: 18810,
+      evaluateEnabled: false,
+      remoteCdpTimeoutMs: 1500,
+      remoteCdpHandshakeTimeoutMs: 3000,
+      extraArgs: [],
+      color: profile.color,
+      headless: true,
+      noSandbox: false,
+      attachOnly: false,
+      ssrfPolicy: { allowPrivateNetwork: true },
+      defaultProfile: profile.name,
+      profiles: {
+        [profile.name]: profile,
+      },
+      ...params?.resolvedOverrides,
+    },
+    profiles: new Map(),
+  };
+}
+
+export function mockLaunchedChrome(
+  launchOpenClawChrome: { mockResolvedValue: (value: RunningChrome) => unknown },
+  pid: number,
+) {
+  const proc = new EventEmitter() as unknown as ChildProcessWithoutNullStreams;
+  launchOpenClawChrome.mockResolvedValue({
+    pid,
+    exe: { kind: "chromium", path: "/usr/bin/chromium" },
+    userDataDir: "/tmp/openclaw-test",
+    cdpPort: 18800,
+    startedAt: Date.now(),
+    proc,
+  });
+}
diff --git a/scripts/changelog-add-unreleased.ts b/scripts/changelog-add-unreleased.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d1d51760952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/changelog-add-unreleased.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { resolve } from "node:path";
+import { appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry } from "../src/infra/changelog-unreleased.js";
+
+type SectionArg = "breaking" | "changes" | "fixes";
+
+function parseArgs(argv: string[]): {
+  changelogPath: string;
+  section: "Breaking" | "Changes" | "Fixes";
+  entry: string;
+} {
+  let changelogPath = resolve("CHANGELOG.md");
+  let section: SectionArg | undefined;
+  const entryParts: string[] = [];
+
+  for (let index = 0; index < argv.length; index += 1) {
+    const arg = argv[index];
+    if (arg === "--file") {
+      const next = argv[index + 1];
+      if (!next) {
+        throw new Error("Missing value for --file.");
+      }
+      changelogPath = resolve(next);
+      index += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (arg === "--section") {
+      const next = argv[index + 1] as SectionArg | undefined;
+      if (!next || !["breaking", "changes", "fixes"].includes(next)) {
+        throw new Error("Missing or invalid value for --section.");
+      }
+      section = next;
+      index += 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+    entryParts.push(arg);
+  }
+
+  if (!section) {
+    throw new Error("Missing required --section <breaking|changes|fixes>.");
+  }
+  const entry = entryParts.join(" ").trim();
+  if (!entry) {
+    throw new Error("Missing changelog entry text.");
+  }
+
+  return {
+    changelogPath,
+    section: section === "breaking" ? "Breaking" : section === "changes" ? "Changes" : "Fixes",
+    entry,
+  };
+}
+
+if (import.meta.main) {
+  const { changelogPath, section, entry } = parseArgs(process.argv.slice(2));
+  const content = readFileSync(changelogPath, "utf8");
+  const next = appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry(content, {
+    section,
+    entry,
+  });
+  if (next !== content) {
+    writeFileSync(changelogPath, next);
+  }
+  console.log(`Updated ${changelogPath} (${section}).`);
+}
diff --git a/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.test.ts b/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.test.ts
index 832f2400e27..d847ea9c672 100644
--- a/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.test.ts
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ const lifecycleEventMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   emitSessionLifecycleEvent: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
-const browserMaintenanceMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
-  closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions: vi.fn(async () => 0),
+const browserLifecycleCleanupMocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd: vi.fn(async () => {}),
 }));
 
 vi.mock("../tasks/task-executor.js", () => ({
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ vi.mock("../sessions/session-lifecycle-events.js", () => ({
   emitSessionLifecycleEvent: lifecycleEventMocks.emitSessionLifecycleEvent,
 }));
 
-vi.mock("../plugin-sdk/browser-maintenance.js", () => ({
-  closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions: browserMaintenanceMocks.closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions,
+vi.mock("../browser-lifecycle-cleanup.js", () => ({
+  cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd:
+    browserLifecycleCleanupMocks.cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd,
 }));
 
 vi.mock("./subagent-registry-helpers.js", async () => {
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ describe("subagent registry lifecycle hardening", () => {
   beforeEach(async () => {
     vi.resetModules();
     vi.clearAllMocks();
-    browserMaintenanceMocks.closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions.mockClear();
+    browserLifecycleCleanupMocks.cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd.mockClear();
     mod = await import("./subagent-registry-lifecycle.js");
   });
 
@@ -208,10 +209,12 @@ describe("subagent registry lifecycle hardening", () => {
       }),
     ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
 
-    expect(browserMaintenanceMocks.closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-      sessionKeys: [entry.childSessionKey],
-      onWarn: expect.any(Function),
-    });
+    expect(browserLifecycleCleanupMocks.cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      {
+        sessionKeys: [entry.childSessionKey],
+        onWarn: expect.any(Function),
+      },
+    );
     expect(runSubagentAnnounceFlow).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.objectContaining({
         childSessionKey: entry.childSessionKey,
@@ -252,7 +255,9 @@ describe("subagent registry lifecycle hardening", () => {
       }),
     ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
 
-    expect(browserMaintenanceMocks.closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(
+      browserLifecycleCleanupMocks.cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd,
+    ).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(runSubagentAnnounceFlow).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.ts b/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.ts
index 3360cfd2ac5..b837c1dd2d4 100644
--- a/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.ts
+++ b/src/agents/subagent-registry-lifecycle.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { isSilentReplyText, SILENT_REPLY_TOKEN } from "../auto-reply/tokens.js";
+import { cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd } from "../browser-lifecycle-cleanup.js";
 import { formatErrorMessage, readErrorName } from "../infra/errors.js";
-import { closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions } from "../plugin-sdk/browser-maintenance.js";
 import { defaultRuntime } from "../runtime.js";
 import { emitSessionLifecycleEvent } from "../sessions/session-lifecycle-events.js";
 import {
@@ -606,17 +606,10 @@ export function createSubagentRegistryLifecycleController(params: {
       return;
     }
 
-    // Clean up browser tabs/processes opened by this subagent session.
-    // Without this, browser processes become orphaned after the subagent
-    // exits. See #60104.
-    try {
-      await closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions({
-        sessionKeys: [entry.childSessionKey],
-        onWarn: (msg) => params.warn(msg, { runId: entry.runId }),
-      });
-    } catch {
-      // Best-effort cleanup.
-    }
+    await cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd({
+      sessionKeys: [entry.childSessionKey],
+      onWarn: (msg) => params.warn(msg, { runId: entry.runId }),
+    });
 
     startSubagentAnnounceCleanupFlow(completeParams.runId, entry);
   };
diff --git a/src/browser-lifecycle-cleanup.test.ts b/src/browser-lifecycle-cleanup.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a56b1d2352b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/browser-lifecycle-cleanup.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn(async () => 0));
+
+vi.mock("./plugin-sdk/browser-maintenance.js", () => ({
+  closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions,
+}));
+
+describe("cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it("normalizes session keys before closing browser sessions", async () => {
+    const { cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd } =
+      await import("./browser-lifecycle-cleanup.js");
+    const onWarn = vi.fn();
+
+    await expect(
+      cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd({
+        sessionKeys: ["", "  session-a  ", "session-a", "session-b"],
+        onWarn,
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+    expect(closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      sessionKeys: ["session-a", "session-b"],
+      onWarn,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("swallows browser cleanup failures", async () => {
+    const { cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd } =
+      await import("./browser-lifecycle-cleanup.js");
+    const onError = vi.fn();
+    const error = new Error("cleanup failed");
+    closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions.mockRejectedValueOnce(error);
+
+    await expect(
+      cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd({
+        sessionKeys: ["session-a"],
+        onError,
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+    expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/browser-lifecycle-cleanup.ts b/src/browser-lifecycle-cleanup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc934318c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/browser-lifecycle-cleanup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { runBestEffortCleanup } from "./infra/non-fatal-cleanup.js";
+import { closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions } from "./plugin-sdk/browser-maintenance.js";
+
+function normalizeSessionKeys(sessionKeys: string[]): string[] {
+  const keys = new Set<string>();
+  for (const sessionKey of sessionKeys) {
+    const normalized = sessionKey.trim();
+    if (normalized) {
+      keys.add(normalized);
+    }
+  }
+  return [...keys];
+}
+
+export async function cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd(params: {
+  sessionKeys: string[];
+  onWarn?: (message: string) => void;
+  onError?: (error: unknown) => void;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const sessionKeys = normalizeSessionKeys(params.sessionKeys);
+  if (sessionKeys.length === 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  await runBestEffortCleanup({
+    cleanup: async () => {
+      await closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions({
+        sessionKeys,
+        onWarn: params.onWarn,
+      });
+    },
+    onError: params.onError,
+  });
+}
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-cron.test.ts b/src/gateway/server-cron.test.ts
index 091117f97bc..e612bac1bf0 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-cron.test.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-cron.test.ts
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ const {
   loadConfigMock,
   fetchWithSsrFGuardMock,
   runCronIsolatedAgentTurnMock,
-  closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessionsMock,
+  cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEndMock,
 } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
   enqueueSystemEventMock: vi.fn(),
   requestHeartbeatNowMock: vi.fn(),
   loadConfigMock: vi.fn(),
   fetchWithSsrFGuardMock: vi.fn(),
   runCronIsolatedAgentTurnMock: vi.fn(async () => ({ status: "ok" as const, summary: "ok" })),
-  closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessionsMock: vi.fn(async () => 0),
+  cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEndMock: vi.fn(async () => {}),
 }));
 
 function enqueueSystemEvent(...args: unknown[]) {
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ vi.mock("../cron/isolated-agent.js", () => ({
   runCronIsolatedAgentTurn: runCronIsolatedAgentTurnMock,
 }));
 
-vi.mock("../plugin-sdk/browser-maintenance.js", () => ({
-  closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions: closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessionsMock,
+vi.mock("../browser-lifecycle-cleanup.js", () => ({
+  cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd: cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEndMock,
 }));
 
 import { buildGatewayCronService } from "./server-cron.js";
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe("buildGatewayCronService", () => {
     loadConfigMock.mockClear();
     fetchWithSsrFGuardMock.mockClear();
     runCronIsolatedAgentTurnMock.mockClear();
-    closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessionsMock.mockClear();
+    cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEndMock.mockClear();
   });
 
   it("routes main-target jobs to the scoped session for enqueue + wake", async () => {
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ describe("buildGatewayCronService", () => {
           sessionKey: "project-alpha-monitor",
         }),
       );
-      expect(closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessionsMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      expect(cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEndMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
         sessionKeys: ["project-alpha-monitor"],
         onWarn: expect.any(Function),
       });
diff --git a/src/gateway/server-cron.ts b/src/gateway/server-cron.ts
index 20e174a0ee9..43be88cc7b7 100644
--- a/src/gateway/server-cron.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/server-cron.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { resolveDefaultAgentId } from "../agents/agent-scope.js";
+import { cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd } from "../browser-lifecycle-cleanup.js";
 import type { CliDeps } from "../cli/deps.js";
 import { createOutboundSendDeps } from "../cli/outbound-send-deps.js";
 import { loadConfig } from "../config/config.js";
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ import { resolveStorePath } from "../config/sessions/paths.js";
 import { resolveFailureDestination, sendFailureNotificationAnnounce } from "../cron/delivery.js";
 import { runCronIsolatedAgentTurn } from "../cron/isolated-agent.js";
 import { resolveDeliveryTarget } from "../cron/isolated-agent/delivery-target.js";
-import { closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions } from "../plugin-sdk/browser-maintenance.js";
 import {
   appendCronRunLog,
   resolveCronRunLogPath,
@@ -302,18 +302,10 @@ export function buildGatewayCronService(params: {
           lane: "cron",
         });
       } finally {
-        // Clean up browser tabs/processes opened during this cron run.
-        // Without this, browser processes become orphaned (PPID=1) after
-        // the cron task completes. See #60104.
-        try {
-          await closeTrackedBrowserTabsForSessions({
-            sessionKeys: [sessionKey],
-            onWarn: (msg) => cronLogger.warn({ jobId: job.id }, msg),
-          });
-        } catch {
-          // Best-effort cleanup — do not let browser cleanup failures
-          // mask the actual cron run result.
-        }
+        await cleanupBrowserSessionsForLifecycleEnd({
+          sessionKeys: [sessionKey],
+          onWarn: (msg) => cronLogger.warn({ jobId: job.id }, msg),
+        });
       }
     },
     sendCronFailureAlert: async ({ job, text, channel, to, mode, accountId }) => {
diff --git a/src/infra/changelog-unreleased.test.ts b/src/infra/changelog-unreleased.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..150b2d94970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/changelog-unreleased.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry } from "./changelog-unreleased.js";
+
+const baseChangelog = `# Changelog
+
+## Unreleased
+
+### Breaking
+
+- Existing breaking entry.
+
+### Changes
+
+- Existing change.
+
+### Fixes
+
+- Existing fix.
+
+## 2026.4.4
+`;
+
+describe("appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry", () => {
+  it("appends to the end of the requested unreleased section", () => {
+    const next = appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry(baseChangelog, {
+      section: "Fixes",
+      entry: "New fix entry.",
+    });
+
+    expect(next).toContain(`### Fixes
+
+- Existing fix.
+- New fix entry.
+
+## 2026.4.4`);
+  });
+
+  it("avoids duplicating an existing entry", () => {
+    const next = appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry(baseChangelog, {
+      section: "Changes",
+      entry: "- Existing change.",
+    });
+
+    expect(next).toBe(baseChangelog);
+  });
+
+  it("throws when the unreleased section is missing", () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry("# Changelog\n", {
+        section: "Fixes",
+        entry: "New fix entry.",
+      }),
+    ).toThrow("## Unreleased");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/infra/changelog-unreleased.ts b/src/infra/changelog-unreleased.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae30bd900ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/changelog-unreleased.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+type UnreleasedSection = "Breaking" | "Changes" | "Fixes";
+
+function findSectionRange(
+  lines: string[],
+  section: UnreleasedSection,
+): {
+  start: number;
+  insertAt: number;
+} {
+  const unreleasedIndex = lines.findIndex((line) => line.trim() === "## Unreleased");
+  if (unreleasedIndex === -1) {
+    throw new Error("CHANGELOG.md is missing the '## Unreleased' heading.");
+  }
+
+  const sectionHeading = `### ${section}`;
+  let sectionIndex = -1;
+  for (let index = unreleasedIndex + 1; index < lines.length; index += 1) {
+    const line = lines[index];
+    if (line.startsWith("## ")) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (line.trim() === sectionHeading) {
+      sectionIndex = index;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (sectionIndex === -1) {
+    throw new Error(`CHANGELOG.md is missing the '${sectionHeading}' section under Unreleased.`);
+  }
+
+  let insertAt = lines.length;
+  for (let index = sectionIndex + 1; index < lines.length; index += 1) {
+    const line = lines[index];
+    if (line.startsWith("### ") || line.startsWith("## ")) {
+      insertAt = index;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  while (insertAt > sectionIndex + 1 && lines[insertAt - 1]?.trim() === "") {
+    insertAt -= 1;
+  }
+
+  return { start: sectionIndex, insertAt };
+}
+
+export function appendUnreleasedChangelogEntry(
+  content: string,
+  params: {
+    section: UnreleasedSection;
+    entry: string;
+  },
+): string {
+  const entry = params.entry.trim();
+  if (!entry) {
+    throw new Error("Changelog entry must not be empty.");
+  }
+
+  const lines = content.split("\n");
+  const bullet = entry.startsWith("- ") ? entry : `- ${entry}`;
+  if (lines.some((line) => line.trim() === bullet)) {
+    return content;
+  }
+
+  const { insertAt } = findSectionRange(lines, params.section);
+  lines.splice(insertAt, 0, bullet, "");
+  return lines.join("\n");
+}
diff --git a/src/infra/non-fatal-cleanup.test.ts b/src/infra/non-fatal-cleanup.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..101bb2a7d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/non-fatal-cleanup.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { runBestEffortCleanup } from "./non-fatal-cleanup.js";
+
+describe("runBestEffortCleanup", () => {
+  it("returns the cleanup result when the cleanup succeeds", async () => {
+    await expect(
+      runBestEffortCleanup({
+        cleanup: async () => 7,
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBe(7);
+  });
+
+  it("swallows cleanup failures and reports them through onError", async () => {
+    const onError = vi.fn();
+    const error = new Error("cleanup failed");
+
+    await expect(
+      runBestEffortCleanup({
+        cleanup: async () => {
+          throw error;
+        },
+        onError,
+      }),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+    expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/infra/non-fatal-cleanup.ts b/src/infra/non-fatal-cleanup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..712198ebd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/infra/non-fatal-cleanup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export async function runBestEffortCleanup<T>(params: {
+  cleanup: () => Promise<T>;
+  onError?: (error: unknown) => void;
+}): Promise<T | undefined> {
+  try {
+    return await params.cleanup();
+  } catch (error) {
+    params.onError?.(error);
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}